He mea kupanaha ma ke kahua o nā mea hana
Ma ke ano hedaimanaka hoʻohana ʻana, pili ia i kahi ākea o nā ʻenehana a paʻakikī loa. Pono ia i ka noiʻi hui ʻana ma nā ʻano like ʻole e hoʻokō ʻia i loko o kahi manawa pōkole. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, pono e hoʻomau a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻenehana ulu daimana CVD a e ʻimi i ka noi odaimana CVDkiʻiʻoniʻoni i ka acoustics, optics, a me ka uila. E lilo ia i mea hou no ka hoʻomohala ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe i ke kenekulia 21. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka noi o CVD no nā mea ʻenehana a me nā mea hana. He hoʻolauna wale nō kēia i kāna mau hana hana.
He aha ka mea hana? ʻO nā mea hana e pili ana i nā mea like ʻole me nā hana kino a me ke kemika e like me ke kukui, ka uila, ka magnetism, ke kani, a me ka wela i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana a me ka ʻenehana, me nā mea hana uila, nā mea hana magnetic, nā mea hana optical, nā mea superconducting, nā mea biomedical, nā membrane hana, etc.
He aha ka membrane hana? He aha kona mau ano? ʻO ka membrane hana e pili ana i kahi mea kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi me nā waiwai kino e like me ka māmā, magnetism, kānana uila, adsorption, a me nā waiwai kemika e like me ka catalysis a me ka hopena.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o nā mea kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi: ʻO nā mea kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi he mau mea maʻamau ʻelua-dimensional, ʻo ia hoʻi, nui lākou ma nā unahi ʻelua a liʻiliʻi ma ke kolu. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea maʻamau ʻekolu-dimensional bulk material, he nui nā hiʻohiʻona i ka hana a me ke ʻano. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui loa ka hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia kekahi mau waiwai o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni hana ma o nā ʻano hoʻomākaukau kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi kūikawā i ka wā hoʻomākaukau. ʻO kēia ke kumu i lilo ai nā mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi i kumuhana wela o ka nānā a me ka noiʻi.
Ma ke ano hemea ʻelua ʻāpana, 'O ka hi'ohi'ona nui loa o nā mea ki'i'oni'oni lahilahi,'o ia ka mea i kapa'ia he nui, hiki ke ho'ohana'ia no ka miniaturize a ho'ohui i nā mea like'ole. Hoʻohana ʻia ka nui o nā mea kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni ma luna o kēia wahi, ʻo ka mea maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i nā kaapuni i hoʻohui ʻia a hoʻonui i ka nui o ka mālama ʻana o nā mea mālama kamepiula.
Ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻāpana pili o ka ʻili a me ka interface i loko o ka mea kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi, a ʻo nā waiwai i hōʻike ʻia e ka ʻili he mea nui loa. Aia kekahi ʻano o nā hopena kino e pili ana i ka ʻili o ka ʻili:
(1) Hoʻouna koho a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hopena keakea māmā;
(2) Inelastic scattering ma muli o ka collision ma waena o nā electrons a me ka ʻili e hoʻololi i ka conductivity, Hall coefficient, hopena magnetic field, etc.;
(3) No ka mea, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka mānoanoa kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma mua o ke ala manuahi o nā electrons a kokoke i ka hawewe Drobyi o nā electrons, nā electrons neʻe i hope a ma waena o nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni e hoʻopilikia, a ʻo ka ikehu e pili ana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻili e lawe i nā waiwai discrete, e hoʻopilikia i ka lawe ʻana i ka electron;
(4) Ma luna o ka ʻili, hoʻopau ʻia nā ʻātoma i kēlā me kēia manawa, a ʻo ka pae ikehu o ka ʻili a me ka helu o nā mokuʻāina i hoʻokumu ʻia e like me ka nui o ka nui o nā atoms ili, e loaʻa ka hopena nui i nā mea me nā mea lawe liʻiliʻi e like me semiconductor;
(5) E emi mai ana ka heluna o na atomo pili o ka ili, e hoonui ana i ka manawa makeke o na atomo ili;
(6) Anisotropy o nā mea kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi, etc.
Ma muli o ka hopena o ka hana o nā mea kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi e ka papa hana hoʻomākaukau, ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou aia i kahi kūlana ʻole i ka wā o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana. No laila, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka haku mele ʻana a me ke ʻano o nā mea kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi ma kahi ākea me ka ʻole e kaupalena ʻia e ke kūlana kaulike. No laila, hiki i nā kānaka ke hoʻomākaukau i nā mea he nui i paʻakikī ke hoʻokō me nā mea nui a loaʻa nā waiwai hou. He hiʻohiʻona nui kēia o nā mea kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi a me ke kumu nui e huki ai nā mea kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi i ka nānā ʻana o nā kānaka. Inā hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano kemika a kino paha, hiki ke loaʻa ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni i hoʻolālā ʻia.