ʻO ka hopena o ka pauka alumina i nā mea paʻi 3D
Ke hele nei i loko o ka hale hana o Northwestern Polytechnical University, kahi ho'ōla māmāpaʻi 3D ke kani iki nei, a ke nee pololei nei ka kukuna laser i loko o ka slurry ceramic. He mau hola wale nō ma hope mai, ua hōʻike piha ʻia kahi core ceramic me kahi ʻano paʻakikī e like me ka maze - e hoʻohana ʻia ia e hoʻolei i nā lau turbine o nā ʻenekini mokulele. Ua kuhikuhi ʻo Polofesa Su Haijun, ka mea nāna i mālama i ka papahana, i ka mea maʻalahi a ʻōlelo ʻo ia: "ʻEkolu mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻaʻole mākou i ʻaʻa noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka pololei.
I kekahi manawa, ua like nā alumina ceramics me kahi "haumāna pilikia" ma ke kahua oPaʻi 3D- ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, ka insulation maikaʻi, akā i ka manawa i paʻi ʻia, ua nui nā pilikia. Ma lalo o nā kaʻina hana kuʻuna, ʻaʻohe wai o ka pauka alumina a paʻa pinepine i ke poʻo paʻi; hiki i ka 15% -20% ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka wā sintering, a ʻo nā ʻāpana i paʻi ʻia me ka hoʻoikaika nui e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a haki i ka wā e puhi ʻia ai; nā hale paʻakikī? ʻOi aku ka nani. Ua pilikia nā ʻenekinia: "Ua like kēia mea me ka mea pena kiʻi paʻakikī, me nā manaʻo hihiu akā ʻaʻole lawa nā lima."
1. Rūkini kumu: kau i ka "ceramic pale kaua" ma kaaluminikamatrix
ʻO ka hoʻololi mua ʻana mai ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hoʻolālā waiwai. I ka makahiki 2020, ua hoʻolaha nā mea ʻepekema waiwai mai ka National University of Science and Technology (NUST MISIS) o Rūsia i kahi ʻenehana hoʻopilikia. Ma kahi o ka hui ʻana i ka pauka alumini oxide, hoʻokomo lākou i ka pauka alumini maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe i loko o kahi autoclave a hoʻohana i ka hydrothermal oxidation e "ulu" i kahi papa o ka alumini oxide film me kahi mānoanoa hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka ʻili o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana alumini, e like me ke kau ʻana i kahi papa o ka nano-level pale kaua ma ka pōpō alumini. Hōʻike kēia pauka "core-shell structure" i ka hana kupaianaha i ka wā paʻi laser 3D (ʻenehana SLM): ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o 40% kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā mea alumini maʻemaʻe, a ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe, e hoʻokō pololei ana i nā koi o ka mokulele.
Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻo Professor Alexander Gromov, ke alakaʻi o ka papahana: "I ka wā ma mua, ua like nā mea i hui ʻia e like me nā salakeke - aia kēlā me kēia mea i kāna ʻoihana ponoʻī; ʻo kā mākou pauka e like me nā sandwiches - nahu ka alumini a me ka alumina i kēlā me kēia papa ma ka papa, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hana me ka ʻole o kekahi. ʻO kēia hoʻohui ikaika e hiki ai i nā mea ke hōʻike i kona akamai i nā ʻāpana ʻenekini mokulele a me nā ʻāpana kino māmā, a hoʻomaka hoʻi e hoʻokūkū i ka ʻāina o nā alloys titanium.
2. Ka naʻauao Kina: ke kilokilo o ka "hoʻonohonoho" i nā seramika
ʻO ka ʻeha nui loa o ka paʻi ʻana i ka alumina ʻo ka sintering shrinkage - e noʻonoʻo ʻoe ua kāwili pono ʻoe i kahi kiʻi pālolo, a emi iho ia i ka nui o ka uala i kona komo ʻana i ka umu. ʻEhia ka nui e hāʻule ai? I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki 2024, ʻo nā hopena i paʻi ʻia e ka hui ʻo Professor Su Haijun ma Northwestern Polytechnical University ma ka Journal of Materials Science & Technology i hoʻomaka i ka ʻoihana: loaʻa iā lākou kahi kumu ceramic alumina kokoke i ka zero-shrinkage me ka helu shrinkage o 0.3% wale nō.
ʻO ka mea huna e hoʻohuialumini paudai alumina a laila hoʻokani i kahi "magan lewa".
Hoʻohui i ka pauka alumini: Hoʻohui i ka 15% o ka pauka alumini maikaʻi i loko o ka slurry ceramic
E hoʻomalu i ka lewa: E hoʻohana i ka pale kinoea argon i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka sintering e pale i ka pauka alumini mai ka oxidizing
Hoʻololi akamai: Ke piʻi ka mahana i 1400°C, hoʻololi koke i ka lewa i ka ea
In-situ oxidation: Hoʻoheheʻe koke ʻia ka pauka alumini i loko o nā kulu a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i alumini oxide, a ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka leo e hoʻopau i ka hoʻemi ʻana.
3. Hoʻololi ʻia ʻo Binder: huli ʻia ka pauka alumini i "glue ʻike ʻole"
ʻOiai e hana ikaika ana nā hui Lūkini a me Kina i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka pauka, ua oʻo mālie kekahi ala ʻenehana - me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pauka alumini ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopili. Kuʻuna keramikaPaʻi 3DʻO nā mea paʻa ka hapa nui o nā resins organik, e waiho ana i nā lua ke puhi ʻia i ka wā degreasing. He ʻano ʻokoʻa ke ala ʻē aʻe ka patent o kahi hui home 2023: hana i ka pauka alumini i loko o kahi mea hoʻopili wai47.
I ka wā o ka paʻi ʻana, kāpī pololei ka nozzle i ka "glue" i loaʻa ka pauka alumini 50-70% ma luna o ka ʻāpana pauka aluminika. I ka hiki ʻana mai i ka pae degreasing, huki ʻia ka ʻūhā a hele ʻia ka oxygen, a ua oxidized ka pauka alumini i ka alumini oxide ma 200-800 ° C. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka nui ma mua o 20% hiki iā ia ke hoʻopiha piha i nā pores a hoʻemi i ka helu shrinkage i lalo o 5%. "Ua like ia me ka wehe ʻana i ka scaffolding a kūkulu i ka pā hou i ka manawa like, e hoʻopiha ana i kou mau lua!" ua wehewehe mai kekahi enekinia penei.
4. ʻO ke akamai o nā ʻāpana: ka lanakila o ka pauka spherical
ʻO ka "hiʻohiʻona" o ka pauka alumina ua lilo i mea kī nui i nā hanana - ʻo kēia hiʻohiʻona e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka ʻāpana. ʻO kahi haʻawina i loko o ka puke pai "Open Ceramics" i ka makahiki 2024 i hoʻohālikelike i ka hana ʻana o nā pauka alumina spherical a irregular i ka paʻi fused deposition (CF³)5:
ʻO ka pauka Spherical: kahe e like me ke one maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻopiha piha ʻana ma mua o 60%, a maʻalahi ka paʻi ʻana a silky.
ʻO ka pauka maʻamau: paʻa e like me ke kō, ʻo ka viscosity he 40 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe, a paʻa ka nozzle e kānalua i ke ola.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka nui o nā ʻāpana i paʻi ʻia e ka pauka spherical ma mua o 89% ma hope o ka sintering, a hoʻokō pololei ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka maʻamau. "ʻO wai ka mea e hoʻohana mau nei i ka pauka "ʻino" i kēia manawa? ʻO ka fluidity ka hopena hakakā!" Ua minoʻaka kekahi ʻenehana a hoʻopau aʻela5.
E hiki mai ana: Noho pū nā hōkū a me nā kai me nā mea liʻiliʻi a nani
ʻAʻole mamao loa ka paʻi paʻi 3D o ka pauka alumina. Ua alakaʻi ka ʻoihana koa i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā core shrinkage kokoke-zero no ka hana ʻana i nā lau turbofan; ua hoʻomaka ke kahua biomedical i kona biocompatibility a hoʻomaka i ka paʻi ʻana i nā implants iwi maʻamau; ʻO ka ʻoihana uila ua manaʻo i nā substrate hoʻoheheʻe wela - ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi i ka conductivity thermal a me ka conductivity non-electrical o alumina.