Laser "kalai" daimana: lanakila i ka mea paakiki me ka malamalama

Daimanaʻo ia ka mea paʻakikī loa ma ke ʻano, akā ʻaʻole ia he mea nani wale nō. He ʻelima mau manawa ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o kēia mea ma mua o ke keleawe, hiki ke pale i ka wela a me ka radiation, hiki ke hoʻouna i ke kukui, insulate, a hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i semiconductor. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kēia mau "mana nui" e hoʻolilo i ka daimana i mea "paʻakikī loa" e hana - ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea hana kuʻuna ke ʻoki a waiho i nā māwae. ʻAʻole ia a hiki i ka hiki ʻana mai o ka ʻenehana laser i loaʻa i ke kanaka kahi kī e lanakila ai i kēia "moʻi o nā mea".

No ke aha e hiki ai i ka laser ke "ʻoki" i ke daimana?

E noʻonoʻo i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke aniani hoʻonui e kālele i ka lā e hoʻā i ka pepa. ʻO ke kumumanaʻo o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka laser ua like ia, akā ʻoi aku ka pololei. Ke hoʻomālamalama ka lāʻau laser ikaika kiʻekiʻe i ke daimana, hiki mai kahi microscopic "carbon atom metamorphosis":

1. Huli ka daimana i graphite: Hoʻololi ka ikehu laser i ka ʻano daimana ili (sp³) i graphite palupalu (sp²), e like me ke daimana "e hoʻohaʻahaʻa" koke i ke kēpau penikala.

2. Ua "evaporated" ka graphite: sublimates ka papa graphite i ka wela kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole i kālai ʻia e ka oxygen, e waiho ana i nā māka hana pololei. 3. ʻO ka holomua nui: nā hemahema Ma ke kumumanaʻo, hiki ke hana ʻia ke daimana maikaʻi loa e ka laser ultraviolet (ka lōʻihi o ka nalu <229 nm), akā i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he mau hemahema liʻiliʻi nā daimana artificial (e like me nā haumia a me nā palena palaoa). ʻO kēia mau hemahema e like me nā "puka" e ʻae ai i ke kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo maʻamau (532 nm) a i ʻole ka laser infrared (1064 nm) e komo. Hiki i nā ʻepekema ke "kauoha" i ka laser e kālai i kahi ʻano kikoʻī ma ka daimana ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā hemahema.

ʻAno Laser: Evolution mai "ka umu" a i "ka pahi hau"

Hoʻohui ʻia ka hoʻoili ʻana laser i nā ʻōnaehana mana helu kamepiula, nā ʻōnaehana optical kiʻekiʻe, a me ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā mea hana e hana i kahi kikowaena noiʻi a me ka hana hana. Hoʻopiliʻia i ka hana daimana, hiki ke hoʻokō i ka hana kūpono a me ke kiʻekiʻe.

1. ʻO ka hoʻoponopono laser Microsecond He ākea ka laulā o ka pulse laser Microsecond a kūpono i ka hana ʻino. Ma mua o ka puka ʻana o ka ʻenehana hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke ʻano, ʻo ka nui o nā pulse laser i ka microsecond a me ka nanosecond range. I kēia manawa, liʻiliʻi nā hōʻike e pili ana i ka hoʻoili daimana pololei me nā laser microsecond, a ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou e kālele ana i ke kahua noi hoʻoponopono hope.

2. Nanosecond laser processing Nanosecond lasers i kēia manawa noho i ka mahele mākeke nui a loaʻa nā pono o ka paʻa maikaʻi, ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, a me ka manawa hana pōkole. Hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i ka hana ʻoihana. Eia naʻe, ʻo ke kaʻina hana ablation laser nanosecond he thermally destructive i ka hāpana, a ʻo ka hōʻike macroscopic ʻo ia ka hana ʻana i kahi ʻāpana wela nui.

3. ʻO ka hoʻoponopono laser Picosecond ʻO ka hana laser Picosecond ma waena o ka nanosecond laser thermal equilibrium ablation a me ka femtosecond laser cold processing. Hoʻemi nui ʻia ka lōʻihi o ka pulse, kahi e hoʻemi nui ai i ka pōʻino i hana ʻia e ka wahi wela.

4. ʻO ka hana laser Femtosecond ʻO ka ʻenehana laser ultrafast e lawe mai i nā manawa kūpono no ka hana ʻana i ka daimana, akā ʻo ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe a me ke kumukūʻai mālama o nā lasers femtosecond e kaupalena i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā ʻano hana. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā noiʻi e pili ana i ke keʻena hoʻokolohua.

Ka hopena

Mai ka "hiki ʻole ke ʻoki" i ka "kalai ma ka makemake", ua hana ʻia ka ʻenehana laserdaimana ʻaʻole he "vase" i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka hale hana. Me ka ʻike ʻana o ka ʻenehana, i ka wā e hiki mai ana e ʻike mākou: nā ʻāpana daimana e hoʻopau ana i ka wela ma nā kelepona paʻa, nā kamepiula quantum e hoʻohana ana i nā daimana e mālama i ka ʻike, a me nā biosensors daimana i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ke kino kanaka… Ke hoʻololi nei kēia hula o ka mālamalama a me nā daimana i ko mākou ola.