ʻO ke daimana "kālai" laser: ke lanakila ʻana i ka mea paʻakikī loa me ka mālamalama
Daimanaʻo ia ka mea paʻakikī loa ma ke ʻano, akā ʻaʻole wale ia he mea hoʻonani. Loaʻa i kēia mea ka conductivity thermal ʻelima manawa wikiwiki ma mua o ke keleawe, hiki ke kū i ka wela nui a me ka radiation, hiki ke hoʻouna i ka mālamalama, insulate, a hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i semiconductor. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kēia mau "mana nui" e hoʻolilo i ka daimana i mea "paʻakikī loa" e hana - ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea hana kuʻuna ke ʻoki a waiho paha i nā māwae. ʻAʻole a hiki i ka hiki ʻana mai o ka ʻenehana laser i loaʻa ai i nā kānaka kahi kī e lanakila ai i kēia "mōʻī o nā mea".
No ke aha e hiki ai i ka laser ke "ʻoki" i ka daimana?
E noʻonoʻo e hoʻohana ana i kahi aniani hoʻonui e hoʻopili i ka lā e hoʻā i ka pepa. ʻO ke kumumanaʻo o ka hana ʻana i ka daimana laser ua like ia, akā ʻoi aku ka pololei. Ke hoʻopā ka kukuna laser ikehu kiʻekiʻe i ka daimana, e hana ʻia kahi "carbon atom metamorphosis" microscopic:
1. Lilo ke daimana i graphite: Hoʻololi ka ikehu laser i ke ʻano daimana o luna (sp³) i graphite palupalu (sp²), e like me ka daimana e "lilo" koke ana i penikala.
2. Ua "hoʻoheheʻe ʻia" ka Graphite: hoʻohaʻahaʻa ka papa graphite i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ua kālai ʻia e ka oxygen, e waiho ana i nā māka hana pololei. 3. Ka holomua nui: nā hemahema Ma ke kumumanaʻo, hiki ke hana ʻia ka daimana kūpono e ka laser ultraviolet (ka lōʻihi o ka nalu <229 nm), akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, loaʻa mau i nā daimana hana nā hemahema liʻiliʻi (e like me nā haumia a me nā palena palaoa). Ua like kēia mau hemahema me nā "lua" e ʻae ai i ke kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo maʻamau (532 nm) a i ʻole ka laser infrared (1064 nm) e omo ʻia. Hiki i nā kānaka ʻepekema ke "kauoha" i ka laser e kālai i kahi ʻano kikoʻī ma ka daimana ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hoʻolaha hemahema.
ʻAno Laser: Ka ulu ʻana mai ka "umahana" a i ka "pahi hau"
Hoʻohui ka hana laser i nā ʻōnaehana mana helu kamepiula, nā ʻōnaehana optical holomua, a me ke kūlana hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka automated e hana i kahi kikowaena hana noiʻi a me ka hana ʻana. Hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana daimana, hiki iā ia ke hoʻokō i ka hana pono a me ka pololei kiʻekiʻe.
1. Ka hana ʻana i ka laser Microsecond He ākea ka laulā o ka pulse laser Microsecond a kūpono ia no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano ʻino. Ma mua o ka puka ʻana mai o ka ʻenehana laka mode, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā pulse laser ma ka pae microsecond a me nanosecond. I kēia manawa, he kakaikahi nā hōʻike e pili ana i ka hana ʻana i nā daimana pololei me nā lasers microsecond, a ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou e kālele ana i ke kahua noi hana hope.
2. Ka hana ʻana i ka laser Nanosecond I kēia manawa, noho nā lasers Nanosecond i kahi māhele mākeke nui a loaʻa iā lākou nā pono o ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi, ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa, a me ka manawa hana pōkole. Hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i ka hana ʻoihana. Eia nō naʻe, he mea luku wela ke kaʻina hana ablation laser nanosecond i ka laʻana, a ʻo ka hōʻike macroscopic ʻo ia ka hana ʻana e hana i kahi ʻāpana nui i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka wela.
3. Ka hana ʻana o ka laser Picosecond Aia ka hana ʻana o ka laser Picosecond ma waena o ka ablation thermal equilibrium laser nanosecond a me ka hana ʻana o ke anuanu laser femtosecond. Ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ka lōʻihi o ka pulse, kahi e hoʻemi nui ai i ka pōʻino i hana ʻia e ka ʻāpana i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka wela.
4. Ka hana ʻana o ka laser Femtosecond Lawe mai ka ʻenehana laser Ultrafast i nā manawa kūpono no ka hana ʻana i ka daimana maikaʻi, akā ʻo ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe a me ke kumukūʻai mālama o nā lasers femtosecond e kaupalena ana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā ʻano hana. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā noiʻi pili e noho nei ma ke kahua hoʻokolohua.
Hopena
Mai ka "hiki ʻole ke ʻoki" a i ka "kalai i ka makemake", ua hana ka ʻenehana laserdaimana ʻaʻole hou he "vas" i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka hale hana. Me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ʻenehana, i ka wā e hiki mai ana e ʻike paha kākou: nā ʻāpana daimana e hoʻopuehu ana i ka wela i loko o nā kelepona paʻalima, nā kamepiula quantum e hoʻohana ana i nā daimana e mālama i ka ʻike, a me nā biosensors daimana i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ke kino kanaka… Ke hoʻololi nei kēia hula o ka mālamalama a me nā daimana i ko kākou ola.