Ua ʻike anei ʻoe i ke ʻano o ka paʻi ʻana o 3D e lilo nei i mea kaulana? Mai ka hana ʻana i nā mea pāʻani plastik liʻiliʻi a me nā kumu hoʻohālike i kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei, hiki iā ia ke paʻi i nā hale, nā niho, a me nā ʻōpū kanaka! Ua like kona hoʻomohala ʻana me kahi rocket.
Akā, ʻoiai kona kaulana, inā makemake maoli ka paʻi 3D e alakaʻi i ka hana ʻoihana, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hilinaʻi wale i nā "persimmons palupalu" e like me nā plastics a me nā resins. He maikaʻi ia no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana hōʻike, akā i ka wā e hana ai i nā ʻāpana wela kiʻekiʻe e hiki ke kū i nā wahi koʻikoʻi, a i ʻole nā mea hana pololei ikaika kiʻekiʻe, pale i ka ʻaʻahu, nui nā mea i lilo koke i mea kūpono ʻole.
ʻO kēia kahi e komo mai ai kā mākou protagonist o ka ʻatikala o kēia lā—pauka alumina, i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo "corundum." ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoikaika ʻia kēia mea, nona nā ʻano paʻakikī maoli: paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, kūpaʻa i ka pala, kūpaʻa i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe, a me ka insulation maikaʻi loa. I nā ʻoihana kuʻuna, he mea akamai mua ia i nā mea refractory, abrasives, ceramics, a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.
No laila, ʻo ka nīnau, he aha ke ʻano o nā huna ahi e puka mai ana ke hui pū kahi mea kuʻuna, "paʻakikī" me ka ʻenehana "hana ʻike kikohoʻe" hou loa? ʻO ka pane: ke hana nei kahi hoʻololi mālie i nā mea.
Ⅰ. No ke aha i alumina ai? No ke aha e uhaʻi nei i ka ʻōmole?
E kūkākūkā mua kākou no ke aha i makemake ʻole ai ka paʻi 3D i nā mea seramika ma mua. E noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ia mea: he maʻalahi ke kāohi i nā pauka plastik a me nā pauka metala ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a extruded paha me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lasers. Akā, he palupalu a paʻakikī ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā pauka seramika. ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā lasers a laila hana iā lākou he puka makani haiki loa, e hoʻolilo ana iā lākou i mea maʻalahi i ka haki a me ka deformation, e hopena ana i nā hua haʻahaʻa loa.
No laila pehea e hoʻoponopono ai ka alumina i kēia pilikia? ʻAʻole ia e hilinaʻi i ka ikaika brute, akā, i ka "akamai."
ʻO ka holomua nui ma ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻenehana paʻi 3D a me nā ʻano mea. Hoʻohana nā ʻenehana koʻikoʻi o kēia wā, e like me ka binder jetting a me ka stereolithography, i kahi "curve approach."
ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka mea hoʻopaʻa: He hana akamai loa kēia. ʻAʻole e like me nā ʻano kuʻuna o ka hoʻoheheʻe pololei ʻana i ka pauka alumini oxide me ka laser, hoʻopili mua kēia ʻano i kahi papa lahilahi o ka pauka alumini oxide. A laila, e like me ka mīkini paʻi inkjet pololei, pīpī ke poʻo paʻi i kahi "pili" kūikawā ma kahi i makemake ʻia, e hoʻopaʻa ana i ka pauka. ʻO kēia hoʻopili papa-ma-papa o ka pauka a me ke kāpili i ka hopena e hua mai i kahi "kino ʻōmaʻomaʻo" mua, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia. ʻAʻole paʻa kēia kino ʻōmaʻomaʻo, no laila, e like me nā keramika, ua hele ia i kahi "bapetizo ʻana o ke ahi" hope loa i loko o kahi umu wela kiʻekiʻe - sintering. Ma hope wale nō o ka sintering e hoʻopaʻa pono ʻia nā ʻāpana, e hoʻokō ana i nā waiwai mechanical e kokoke ana i nā keramika kuʻuna.
Hoʻoponopono akamai kēia i nā pilikia o ka hoʻoheheʻe pololei ʻana i nā keramika. Ua like ia me ke ʻano mua ʻana i ka ʻāpana me ka paʻi 3D, a laila hoʻopiha iā ia me ka ʻuhane a me ka ikaika me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana kuʻuna.
II. Ma hea kahi e hōʻike maoli ʻia ai kēia "holomua"? ʻO ke kamaʻilio me ka hana ʻole he kamaʻilio lapuwale wale nō.
Inā ʻoe e kapa iā ia he holomua nui, pono kekahi akamai maoli, ʻeā? ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka holomua o ka pauka alumini oxide i ka paʻi 3D ʻaʻole wale ia "mai ka wā kahiko," akā ʻoiaʻiʻo "mai ka maikaʻi a i ka maikaʻi loa," e hoʻoponopono ana i nā pilikia he nui i hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ma mua.
ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻopau ia i ka manaʻo o ka "paʻakikī" e like me ka "pipiʻi." ʻO ka hana maʻamau, ʻo ka hana ʻana i nā keramika alumina, e like me nā nozzles a i ʻole nā mea hoʻololi wela me nā kahawai kahe kūloko paʻakikī, e hilinaʻi ana i ka hana ʻana i ka mold a i ʻole ka mīkini ʻana, he mea pipiʻi, hoʻopau manawa, a hiki ʻole ke hana i kekahi mau hale. Akā i kēia manawa, ʻae ka paʻi 3D i ka hana pololei, "moldless" o kekahi hale paʻakikī hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolālā. E noʻonoʻo i kahi ʻāpana keramika alumina me kahi ʻano honeycomb biomimetic kūloko, māmā loa akā ikaika loa. I ka ʻoihana aerospace, he "mea kaua kilokilo" maoli kēia no ka hōʻemi kaumaha a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana.
ʻO ka lua, hoʻokō ia i kahi "hoʻohui kūpono o ka hana a me ke ʻano." Pono kekahi mau ʻāpana i nā geometries paʻakikī a me nā hana kūikawā e like me ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu, a me ka insulation. No ka laʻana, pono nā lima hoʻopaʻa seramika i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana semiconductor e māmā, hiki ke neʻe wikiwiki, a kūʻē loa i ka static a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu. ʻO ka mea i koi mua ʻia i nā ʻāpana he nui e hōʻuluʻulu ʻia hiki ke paʻi pololei ʻia ma 3D mai alumina ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana hoʻokahi, i hoʻohui ʻia, e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ana i ka hilinaʻi a me ka hana.
ʻO ke kolu, hoʻolauna ia i kahi au gula o ka hoʻopilikino pilikino. He mea kupaianaha kēia ma ke kahua lapaʻau. ʻOkoʻa loa nā iwi kanaka, a he mau nui paʻa ko nā implants iwi artificial ma mua, e koi ana i nā kauka e hana me lākou i ka wā o ke ʻoki kino. I kēia manawa, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻikepili CT scan mai kahi mea maʻi, hiki ke paʻi pololei i ka 3D i kahi implant alumina ceramic porous e kūlike pono ana i ke ʻano o ka mea maʻi. ʻAʻole wale kēia ʻano porous he māmā akā hiki nō hoʻi i nā cell iwi ke ulu i loko, e hoʻokō ana i ka "osseointegration" maoli a hoʻolilo i ka implant i ʻāpana o ke kino. ʻAʻole hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia kēia ʻano hopena lapaʻau i hoʻopilikino ʻia ma mua.
ʻEkolu. Ua hiki mai ka wā e hiki mai ana, akā he nui nā pilikia.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke kamaʻilio wale i ke kamaʻilio. ʻO ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka pauka alumina i ka paʻi 3D e like me kahi "prodigy" e ulu ana, me ka hiki ke nui akā aia kekahi mau pilikia ʻōpio.
Ke kiʻekiʻe nei ke kumukūʻai: ʻO ka pauka alumina poepoe kiʻekiʻe-maʻemaʻe kūpono no ka paʻi 3D he pipiʻi maoli nō ia. E hoʻohui i kēlā me nā lako paʻi kūikawā he miliona miliona kālā a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu o ke kaʻina hana sintering ma hope, a ke kiʻekiʻe nei ke kumukūʻai o ka paʻi ʻana i kahi ʻāpana alumina.
Nā pale kaʻina hana kiʻekiʻe: Mai ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka slurry a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā palena paʻi a hiki i ka debinding post-processing a me ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ke piʻo sintering, pono kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu i ka ʻike hohonu a me ka hōʻiliʻili loea. Hiki ke kū maʻalahi nā pilikia e like me ka haki ʻana, ka deformation, a me ka shrinkage like ʻole.
Ke kūlike o ka hana: ʻO ka hōʻoia ʻana i nā ʻōkuhi hana koʻikoʻi kūlike e like me ka ikaika a me ka mānoanoa ma kēlā me kēia pūʻulu o nā ʻāpana i paʻi ʻia he mea nui ia no nā noi nui.