Ke Kuleana o ka Alumina Fused Keʻokeʻo i ka Polishing Electronic Components
I kēia au o nā kelepona akamai, nā kamepiula, a me nā mea akamai like ʻole, ke piʻi mau nei nā koi hana no nā ʻāpana uila. Pono lākou e wikiwiki, liʻiliʻi, a ikaika loa. ʻAʻole paha ʻoe e ʻike he pono ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia mau mea i kahi ʻanuʻu koʻikoʻi akā ʻaʻole nui—ka poli ʻana. A ma kēia kahua, aia kahi "mea hana lima paʻakikī" i mākaukau mālie—alumina keʻokeʻo i hoʻohui ʻia.
I kēia lā, e hōʻike kākou i ka mea pohihihi o kēia "mea hana lima" a kūkākūkā pehea e hoʻokani ai i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka honua kikoʻī o nā ʻāpana uila.
I. Ka ʻIke ʻana i ke Kanaka Nui: He aha maoli ka White Fused Alumina?
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he corundum synthetic maʻemaʻe loa ka alumina keʻokeʻo i hoʻopili ʻia. ʻO kāna ʻāpana nui ʻo α-alumina (Al₂O₃). Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohālikelike iā ia me kona mau hoahānau: no ka laʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā haumia i loko o ka alumina brown fused, no laila kona kala brownish; ʻoiai ʻo ka alumina keʻokeʻo i hoʻopili ʻia, ma muli o kāna mau mea maka maʻemaʻe, hoʻopuka i nā kristal keʻokeʻo ma hope o ke ahi ʻana, me kahi ʻano "maʻemaʻe".
Pehea e hana ʻia ai? I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he kaʻina hana ia o ka "hānau hou ʻana ma ke ahi." Kūlana kiʻekiʻepauka aluminaHoʻoheheʻe ʻia, hoʻomaʻalili ʻia, a hoʻopili hou ʻia i loko o ka umu arc uila wela kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 2000 degere Celsius. ʻO ka hope loa, ua kuʻi ʻia a kānana ʻia e loaʻa nā mea abrasive alumina keʻokeʻo i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia o nā nui ʻāpana like ʻole.
Mai hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kēia kaʻina hana; hāʻawi ia i ka alumina keʻokeʻo i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me kekahi mau waiwai koʻikoʻi, e lilo ia i koho kūpono no ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā ʻāpana uila:
Paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, "paʻakikī maoli": ʻO kona paʻakikī Mohs he 9.0, ʻo ka lua wale nō ma hope o ke daimana a me ka silicon carbide. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, he ʻāpana keke ka ʻoki ʻana a me ka wili ʻana i nā mea ʻē aʻe, a ʻaʻole ia e maʻalahi ke luhi.
ʻO ke kūpaʻa kūpono, ke kaulike o ka paʻakikī a me ka maʻalahi: ʻAʻole lawa ka paʻakikī wale nō; palupalu loa, e like me nā ʻāpana aniani, haki ia i ka pā iki a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia. Loaʻa i ka alumina keʻokeʻo i hoʻohui ʻia ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī maikaʻi. Ma lalo o ke kaomi, hiki iā ia ke haki i kahi kekelē kūpono, e hōʻike ana i nā ʻaoʻao ʻoi hou, ma mua o ka lilo ʻana i pauka - ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻo "self-sharpening." Ua like kēia me ka pahi kālai liʻiliʻi ho'ōla ponoʻī, e mālama mau ana i kona ʻoi.
ʻO kona kūpaʻa kemika maikaʻi loa e hoʻolilo iā ia i "mālie loa": Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā ʻano hoʻoheheʻe waikawa a me alkaline i ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe. He paʻa loa ke kemika o ka alumina keʻokeʻo a ʻaʻole ia e pane maʻalahi me kēia mau mea kemika, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana ʻaʻole e hoʻokomo ka hana hoʻoheheʻe i ka haumia kemika. He mea nui loa kēia i ka ʻoihana uila, kahi e nui ai ka maʻemaʻe.
II. Pehea e "hōʻike" ai ka alumina keʻokeʻo i hoʻopili ʻia i ka hoʻowali ʻana i nā ʻāpana uila?
ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā ʻāpana uila e like me ka holoi wale ʻana i kahi mea ʻālohilohi. He "hana kālai ʻia" ia i hana ʻia ma ke ao microscopic, me ka manaʻo e hoʻokō i kahi ʻili pālahalaha maikaʻi loa, laumania loa, a ʻaʻohe hōʻino ma ka nanometer a i ʻole ka pae atomika.ʻO ka alumina keʻokeʻo i hoʻopili ʻiaʻo ia ke kumu nui i ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia hana noʻeau.
1. ʻO ka hana "hoʻohālikelike kahua" no nā wafers silicon
Hana ʻia nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ma luna o nā wafers silicon. Hiki iā ʻoe ke noʻonoʻo inā ʻaʻole like ke kahua no kahi hale, ʻaʻole hiki ke kūkulu ʻia ka hale, a e kaula ʻia nā uea uila me ka ʻole o ka hoʻonohonoho pono ʻana. Pili ke kumumanaʻo like i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. Hoʻopili ʻia nā papa ma luna o kekahi. Inā ʻaʻole like kekahi papa, e nalowale ke kiko o ka photolithography ma hope, e alakaʻi ana i nā kaapuni pōkole a i ʻole nā kaapuni hāmama.
ʻO kēia kahi e komo mai ai ka ʻenehana CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing), a he hana koʻikoʻi pinepine nā microparticles alumina keʻokeʻo i hoʻopili ʻia i ka "hana mechanical." I loko o ka slurry polishing, hana nā ʻāpana alumina keʻokeʻo liʻiliʻi he nui ʻole, e like me nā miliona o nā mea hana lima liʻiliʻi, i nā ʻoki liʻiliʻi loa a like ma ka ʻili wafer silicon ma lalo o ke kaomi a me ka hoʻohuli. Wili mālie lākou i nā "peaks" o ka ʻili, me ka mālama pono ʻana i nā awāwa, a hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka palahalaha loa. ʻO ka paʻakikī a me nā waiwai hoʻokala ponoʻī o ka alumina keʻokeʻo i hoʻopili ʻia e hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi a me ke kūlike o kēia kaʻina hana.
2. Hoʻopau ʻili o nā mea hana Semiconductor
I loko o kahi ʻāpana, ma waho aʻe o ka silicon, aia nā metala (e like me ke keleawe a me ka tungsten) i hoʻohana ʻia no nā laina alakaʻi a me nā papa insulating (e like me ka silicon dioxide) no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana. He ʻokoʻa ka paʻakikī a me nā wikiwiki wehe ʻana o kēia mau mea like ʻole. I ka wā e hoʻopili ʻia ai, pono e wehe ʻia ka metala keu me ka ʻole e hōʻino i ka papa insulating ma lalo; ua kapa ʻia kēia he "high selectivity."
He kuleana kikoʻī loa ka pauka alumina keʻokeʻo i hoʻopili ʻia ma ʻaneʻi. Ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka haku mele kemika o ka slurry polishing (ka ʻāpana "kemika") a me ka hana pū ʻana me ka alumina keʻokeʻo i hoʻopili ʻia (ka ʻāpana "mechanical"), hiki ke hoʻokō i ka wehe ʻana i kekahi mau mea (e like me ke keleawe) me ka hoʻopā iki ʻana i nā mea ʻē aʻe (e like me ka silicon dioxide). He mea koʻikoʻi kēia pololei kikoʻī no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hua o ka chip.
3. ʻO ka "Hōkū Hoʻonaninani" o nā ʻĀpana Uila ʻē aʻe
Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻāpana kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe, nui nā ʻāpana uila a mākou e ʻike ai i kēlā me kēia lā e hilinaʻi nei hoʻi i ka poli ʻana o ka alumina keʻokeʻo.
Nā Papa Hana Sapphire LED: Hoʻohana ka nui o nā LED ʻālohilohi i ka sapphire ma ke ʻano he papa hana. He paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe loa ka sapphire ponoʻī, e koi ana i ka alumina keʻokeʻo i hoʻohui ʻia—kahi mea "paʻakikī"—no ka hoʻopili ʻana e hoʻokō i kahi ʻili laumania e like me ke aniani, e hoʻonui ana i ka pono o ka unuhi ʻana i ka mālamalama a e hoʻomālamalama ana i ka LED.
Nā Mea Hoʻopaʻa Kīʻaha Quartz: ʻO kēia nā ʻāpana "puʻuwai" e hāʻawi ana i nā hōʻailona uaki i nā kaapuni. He kiʻekiʻe loa ko lākou mau koi paʻa alapine, a pono e hoʻomalu pono ʻia ko lākou ʻano a me ka mānoanoa o ka ʻili; kūpono loa ka poli ʻana o ka alumina keʻokeʻo no kēia hana. Pono pū nā mea magnetic, nā substrates aniani, a me nā mea ʻē aʻealumina keʻokeʻo i hoʻohui ʻiai ka wā o ke kaʻina hana e hoʻokō ai i kahi ʻano hope loa a palupalu.
III. No ke aha i hoʻohui ʻia ai ka Alumina Keʻokeʻo? - He Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo o kona mau Pōmaikaʻi Kūikawā
Ke nānā nei i hope, ma waena o nā mea abrasive he nui, no ke aha e makemake nui ai ka ʻoihana uila i ka alumina keʻokeʻo i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia?
Pololei Hoʻokele: Hiki ke hana ʻia kona mau ʻāpana i mea lahilahi loa a like (a hiki i ka pae micrometer) me nā ʻano maʻamau. Hōʻoia kēia i nā hopena wili like a wānana ʻia, e pale ana i nā ʻōpala o ka ʻili i hana ʻia e nā nui ʻāpana like ʻole.
Haʻahaʻa Loa ka Haumia: ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻemaʻe ʻo ia hoʻi ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea haumia metala e hoʻopuka ai i ka wā e hoʻopili ʻia ai, e hoʻokō ana i nā koi hoʻomaʻemaʻe koʻikoʻi o ka ʻoihana semiconductor.
Kaulike o ka Pono a me ka Maikaʻi: ʻAʻole ia he "paʻakikī" a pipiʻi e like me ke daimana, ʻaʻole hoʻi he hana ʻole e like me nā mea abrasive palupalu. Loaʻa iā ia kahi kaulike kūpono ma waena o ka paʻakikī, ka paʻakikī, a me ke kumukūʻai, e lilo ia i koho kūpono loa.
No laila, i ka manawa aʻe e lawe ai ʻoe i kāu kelepona a ʻike i kāna hana maʻalahi a me nā hana ikaika, e noʻonoʻo i kēia: i loko o kēlā mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻāpana palupalu, ua hana ʻia kahi "kipi ʻili" mālie a pololei e pili ana i nā microparticles alumina keʻokeʻo i hoʻohui ʻia. ʻO kēia "mea hana lima paʻakikī" haʻahaʻa, me kona paʻakikī a me ka maʻemaʻe, nāna i hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka pale hope loa o ka nanometer no ke kahe ʻole o ka honua uila. ʻAʻole paha ia e kū i ka mālamalama, akā he koa koʻikoʻi ia ma hope o nā hiʻohiʻona. Hoʻomoe pinepine ʻia ka holomua ʻenehana i loko o kēia mau kikoʻī liʻiliʻi, e ʻālohilohi ana me ka ʻālohilohi maʻalahi akā hoihoi o ka ʻepekema mea.