Hana ʻia ka alumina ʻeleʻele i hoʻopili ʻia me ka bauxite kiʻekiʻe ma ke ʻano he mea maka, anthracite a me nā waihona hao. Hana ʻia ia ma o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka arc ma 2000°C a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana. Kuʻi ʻia a hoʻopili ʻia e ka mīkini wili ponoʻī, koho ʻia me ka magnet e wehe i ka hao, kānana ʻia i nā nui like ʻole, a he paʻakikī a paʻakikī kona ʻano. ʻO nā pellets kiʻekiʻe, poepoe, kūpono no ka hana ʻana i ka ceramic, resin abrasive kiʻekiʻe a me ka wili ʻana, ka poli ʻana, ka oneblasting, ka hoʻolei pololei ʻana, a pēlā aku, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā refractories kiʻekiʻe.
Nā Hiʻohiʻona Kemika a me ke Kino | ||||||
| Nā Mea | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | SiO2 | Ka nui o ka nui | Waihoʻoluʻu | Noi |
| Papa I | ≥95 | ≤0.3 | ≤1.5 | 3.85 | ʻOno | Mea paʻa ʻole, |
| Papa II | ≥95 | ≤0.3 | ≤1.5 | 3.85 | ʻĀpana ʻeleʻele | hoʻowali maikaʻi |
| Papa III | ≥95 | ≤0.3 | ≤1.5 | 3.85 | Pauka hina | Hoʻopili ʻana, wili ʻana |
| Papa IV | ≥95 | ≤0.3 | ≤1.5 | 3.85 | ʻĀpana ʻeleʻele | Wili ʻana, ʻoki ʻana, hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ke one |
| Papa V | ≥95 | ≤0.3 | ≤1.5 | 3.85 | Pauka hina | Hoʻopili ʻana, wili ʻana |
ʻO ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe, ʻO ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe ma lalo o ke kaumaha
ʻO ke kūpaʻa slag maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa i ka palaho
Ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka ʻōpala me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka density, ka porosity haʻahaʻa
Paʻa haʻalulu wela maikaʻi
Ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu
Ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi ʻana i ka hana flake
Ikaika wela maikaʻi
1. He kūpono ka alumina i hoʻopili ʻia me ka seramika a me ka resin, i hoʻohana ʻia no ka wili ʻana i nā metala o ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, e like me ke kila kalapona, ke kila kila maʻamau, ka hao hoʻolei malleable a me ke keleawe paʻakikī etc.
2. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia e like me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka ʻili no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, ka wili ʻana, ka poli ʻana o nā metala like ʻole, ke aniani, ka laholio, nā ʻoihana hoʻoheheʻe.
3. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia hoʻi he mea refractory.
Inā he mau nīnau kāu. E ʻoluʻolu e hoʻokaʻaʻike mai iā mākou.